Following the application of simple serological tests for the diagnosis of COELIAC disease (CD) in the 1980s, it gradually became clear that the prevalence of CD in different countries in the MIDDLE East, NORTH AFRICA and India is almost the same as that in Western countries. The prevalence of CD in at-risk populations in these regions is reported to range between 3 and 20% and the prevalence in people with type 1 diabetes is approximately 3-5%. Clinical manifestations of CD vary markedly with age, the duration and the extent of disease. Clinical studies showed that presentation with nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms is as common in the MIDDLE East as it is in Europe. Wheat has been the major staple food in these regions for many centuries and it is possible that the continuous and high level of exposure to wheat proteins has induced some degree of immune tolerance, leading to milder symptoms, which are misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome or unexplained gastrointestinal disorders. A high index of suspicion for CD should be maintained in all developing countries for patients who present with chronic diarrhoea or iron deficiency anemia. The best method for diagnosing CD in patients with diarrhoea is the panel of COELIAC serological tests followed by small-bowel biopsy. In the absence of supplies for a gluten-free diet in MIDDLE Eastern countries, maintaining this diet represents a real challenge to both patients and clinicians.

A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, MIDDLE East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the MIDDLE East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the MIDDLE East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the MIDDLE East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the MIDDLE East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the MIDDLE East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the MIDDLE East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Introduction: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) has been increasing in the MIDDLE East and NORTH AFRICA. Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor of IHD and plays an important role in the epidemic of IHD. Hypertension is responsible for about 45% of IHD mortality and affects more than one billion people around the world. This study aimed to quantify the population attributable fraction PAF of IHD due to hypertension in the MIDDLE East and NORTH AFRICA (MENA). Materials & Methods: Sex-specific prevalence of hypertension was obtained from national and international studies. Moreover, age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of IHD and hypertension was extracted from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). HR and sex-specific prevalence of hypertension were used to calculate PAF of IHD due to hypertension in various countries of the region. Results: The sex-specific prevalence of hypertension was available for seventeen countries of the region. Hypertension ranged from 4.5% in Palestine to 47% in Algeria in females and from 2.2% in Palestine to 50.7% in Oman in males. The fraction of IHD attributable to hypertension ranged from 4.3% in Palestine to 32% in Algeria in females and from 2.2% in Palestine to 33.7% in Oman in males.Conclusion: Up to 33% IHD male’s mortality attributable to hypertension. It seems that hypertension is increasing in MENA and prevention programs are needed to control prevalence IHD.

Introduction: The balance and structure of power in Arabic-Islamic domain of the MIDDLE East and NORTH AFRICA is in a way that any kind of change or evolution causes new geopolitical changes at different international levels along with international changes. With culminating protests and falling dictatorships in this domain, along with destabilized powers and prolongation of changes in the MIDDLE East and NORTH AFRICA which resulted in the attenuation of strategic position of Israel, current situations are clear manifestations of extensive changes in strategic attitudes of powers toward mentioned approaches which consists mostly of two major subjects, namely Islamic awareness along with youth claims and uprisings in the developers of geopolitics of regional government. Especially, predicting a kind of deconstructed social reconstruction and social construction based on modern nationalism with the important attendance of people in different arenas is not far from expectation, but considering the uprisings at internal and external levels, one can think of these claims as diverse and different and Islamic-governance prospects with emphasis on mild Islamic attitudes can be thought combination of Islamic fundamentals and a value along with a free political and social arena which is claimed by the young. The process and result of election in two countries, namely Tunisia and Egypt, has the account of the partial attention of people toward the function of Islamic interests in the evolution of new governments. However, predicting any kind of fundamental and short-term change in the direction of transformation in the above mentioned situation is difficult because western powers, in their strategic evaluation of their effective regional attendance with continued effort for preventing attempts in deconstructing their national cohesion by others, are seeking for the maintenance of conflicting social structures in societies, and they try to maintain religious conflicts in the modern Islamic-Arabic change preferences of the MIDDLE East and south AFRICA. The above mentioned issues are some of the parts of the content of this article which are analyzed with the aim of investigating the reasons and results of Islamic-Arabic evolution in the MIDDLE East and South AFRICA based on strategic approach and fundamentals of geopolitics...

This paper uses Linder theory, to measure the effect of globalization on regional trade integration of the Islamic countries in the MIDDLE East and NORTH AFRICA. In contrast with the classical trade theories (such as the Heckscher- Ohlin Theory), the Linder theory focuses on the demand side and explains the trade patterns on the basis of the similarities in the demand structures. Hence, the convergence and divergence in per capita income trends play a major role in increasing or decreasing trade. The findings of this paper suggest that Linder theory can explain the trade behavior of countries under study with members of OIC nations and rest of the world during periods before and after globalization. According to studies by Slaughter, Elahi and Nahavandian globalization leads to convergence in hemisphere per capita income trends and to divergence in global per capita income trends. Thus one can expect that regionalization is more likely to gain ground among the concerned countries are greater under globalization.